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Blood is a Body fluid in Animal that delivers necessary substances such as Nutrient and Oxygen to the Cell (biology) and transports Metabolic waste products away from those same cells. When it reaches the lungs, gas exchange occurs when carbon dioxide is diffused out of the blood into the alveoli and oxygen is diffused into the blood. This oxygenated blood is pumped to the left hand side of the heart in the pulmonary vein and enters the left atrium. From here it passes through the bicuspid valve, through the ventricle and taken all around the body by the aorta. Blood contains antibodies, nutrients, oxygen and much more to help the body work.
In Vertebrate it is composed of Blood cells suspended in Blood plasma. Plasma, which constitutes 55% of blood fluid, is mostly water (92% by volume), and contains dissipated proteins, Glucose, mineral ions, Hormone Carbon dioxide (plasma being the main medium for excretory product transportation), and blood cells themselves. Albumin is the main protein in plasma, and it functions to regulate the colloidal Osmotic pressure of blood. The blood cells are mainly Red blood cell (also called RBCs or erythrocytes) and White blood cell including leukocytes and Platelet. The most abundant cells in vertebrate blood are red blood cells. These contain Hemoglobin an Iron-containing protein, which facilitates oxygen transport by reversibly binding to this Breath gas and greatly increasing its solubility in blood. In contrast, carbon dioxide is almost entirely transported extracellularly dissolved in plasma as Bicarbonate ion.
Vertebrate blood is bright red when its hemoglobin is oxygenated and deoxygenated. Some animals, such as Crustacean andMollusk use Hemocyanin to carry oxygen, instead of hemoglobin.
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